Firearms Rights and the Second Amendement Essay - 2119 Words

Now, before anyone thinks that I do/don’t advocate certain persons with felonies or mental incapacities having fire-arms, please allow me to put this into perspective: This is about the Framers’ intent regarding the Second Amendment. These other aspects of certain persons being barred create assent/dissent on their own merits of constitutionality. I do not wish to get caught in a debate about those aspects. I maintain my own opinions inre this aspect of the Second Amendment. I will say this: Not all crimes are identical, even though they may be coded alike. Mental illness is a medical issue, and can be treated effectively, to my understanding. Given this exhaustive retinue of discussion, I have concluded that I believe that these†¦show more content†¦The request to protect the right to keep and bear arms was almost universal and requested in plain English. There’s no way to confuse the meanings of the requests. Here are a few of the actual requests and p roposals. Note New York’s request of wording. New Hampshire’s convention requested the following addition to the Constitution: â€Å"Congress shall never disarm any Citizen unless such as are or have been in Actual Rebellion.† Antifederalists in Pennsylvania’s wanted an amendment also, requesting the following be agreed upon: â€Å"That the people have a right to bear arms for the defence of themselves and their own state, or the United States, or for the purpose of killing game; and no law shall be passed for disarming the people or any of them, unless for crimes committed, or real danger of public injury from individuals†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The following three states, New York, Rhode Island, and Virginia, each required similar proposals and their requests included these exact words: â€Å"That the people have a right to keep and bear arms†. That the founding fathers wanted the right to keep and bear arms protected was obvious. They believed that the militia was the only real defense of liberty against tyranny. They didn’t trust standing armies, theirs or any other, or their government — they wanted a country that really was just â€Å"the people†Show MoreRelatedRepeal The Second Amendment Essay844 Words   |  4 PagesRepeal the Second Amendment You can t move past it. You can t sweep it under the rug, expresses a surviving Sandy Hook School teacher. We have to honor the horror by paying tribute to what happened, what people went through and what it was like for everyone (Blickley, 2016). The brutal murder of twenty beautiful children and seven brave adults at Sandy Hook elementary school was a tragic event that shook, not only, Newtown, Connecticut, but the whole nation to its very core. However, thisRead MorePolicing Is Important For The Society Essay1939 Words   |  8 PagesEach part of our justice system has some kind of discretion. The biggest part of disrection in our the Criminal justice system, is the police officers that patrol the streets every day, either at night or day. The police officers have to make a split second decision, and don’t have time to think about consquences or consult with one another. â€Å"The police officer is generally the first decidsion maker in the U.S. Criminal justice system a nd often the most important† (Dempsey, J. S., Forst, L. Page 143)

The Effect of Amercan Wars on the Societal Views of Women

From the earliest times of man, women seemed to always be seen and treated as inferior, and certainly not equal. With the birth of the United States, and the wars that followed, the female population finally gained the confidence to voice their thoughts of their roles in society. The impact of the Revolutionary War, the Civil War, and the Progressive Era impacted the roles that women played in society in momentous ways because all three of these events were times of partial chaos with which came the more confident voices of women voicing their concerns about society’s views of them. The Revolutionary War was a time when thoughts and views were not as easily muted and, because of this, women, for the first time in history, took advantage of this and voiced their concerns verbally and through their actions such as Abigail Adams and the Sons and Daughters of Liberty. Due to similar unrest, the Civil War proved to be an exceedingly important time for women because they were able t o partake in a actions such as speaking out against slavery, filling male positions in factories, and even aiding wartime doctors. A final event that created arguably the most change for women is the early Progressive years and the spin off actions that followed such as the call for women’s votes, the rising leadership roles that they called for, and even their aiding of the poor and sick in places such as the Hull House. The Revolutionary War gave rise to a nation like none the world had seen before;

People work because they need money to live Free Essays

People work because they need money to live. What are some other reasons that people work. Discuss one or more of these reasons. We will write a custom essay sample on People work because they need money to live or any similar topic only for you Order Now Use specific examples and details to support your answer. By devochkacluny People work because they need money to live. What are some other reasons that people work. Discuss one or more of these reasons. use specific examples and details to support your answer. Some people work because they need money to live. I do not agree with this idea. In my opinion, to Improve myself, broaden my perspective and discipline myself are what I expect from work. As these will be ingrained in me forever, It does not like money which is finally used up. Nowadays, business is highly competitive. Companies have to produce goods and services rapidly. They require competent employees who are able to work effectively. Competent employees should be a fast-learning person who can work Immediately without much training. They need to put their time and energy to finish their Job responsibility correctly and quickly. As a result, we have to Improve ourselves to be competent employees who are able to work in todays world. Moreover, I work in order to broaden my erspective. In working life, we come Into contact with many people such as customers, supervisors, colleagues and subordinates. We have to communicate with people having different backgrounds and behaviors which enable us to learn and try to adjust ourselves to work with the differences. Very often, I need to work as a team In order to brainstorm ideas. I usually get many new ideas from others which I have never thought about them before. It significantly helps me widen my perspective. Working also helps us to become more disciplined. Workers have to follow corporate rules and regulations. They have to work continuously during work time. Furthermore, they have to be evaluated their job performance whether they should be promoted or whether they are unqualified for such position causing them to maintain their performance well all the time. These kinds of behavior will finally become a habit because we do It In everyday definitely helping us to develop self- discipline. In sum, from my perspective, I work in order to improve myself, broaden my perspective and discipline myself because these things will help me to be a valuable person. It cannot definitely happen, If we do not work. How to cite People work because they need money to live, Essays

Social Psychological Evidence Psychological Methodologies

Question: Discuss about the Report for Social Psychological Evidence of Psychological Methodologies. Answer: Introduction According to Asch 1946, the general area in the primary research question in the methodologies previously in use employs techniques to find out the way out to an actual prospect of forming impressions of personality. It is an interesting method as it poses a genuine multi-face to its actualization. (Asch, 1946). As a way to try and make a perfect explanation to this, most methodologies will offer a multitude of general meandering messages about the topic in question to facilitate content. In the wedges of reality between a ridiculous eloquent interludes will have engaging observations to make conclusions. Although there are much theoretical works which is not at a limitation to a single work, a unitary message is in undertaking to be able to have an on point work verification. The word which seems to deploy more frequent content is an act of a strong resonation which is in the present-day research methodologies which have an underlying concern of the general primacy of the warmth effect. (Nauts et.al, 2014). When a reference is made to meet primacy of the warmth effect, then an entailment of a virtual primary role emerges to cover for it is as an impression of formation in which it is an actual causative entitlement of a different judgment in the influence of which will be stronger on the impressions. An inference is an actual quick way to be able to form a full relation of inferences in the goal orientation. When an immediate goal is so close to finding out solutions which are a critical examination of all the evidence which are in place by Ach' research tries to bring out. Provision of an answer to a primacy of warmth effect has it that as long as the conduct will be in a direct replication then the studies according to Asch turn to be true. In a more conceptual manner where the direction is to the aspect of direct replications turns out. (Asch, 1946). It may have the effect of having an incomplete direct relation to the primacy of warmth effect. On the verge of having a final result is that it will not be necessary to concur with the original findings. The process of finding an answer to the forming impression of personality may be having a regard. It may also have a point of inception for the primacy of the warmth effect. As one of the founding articles in a personal perception, the field is an extension of the study. Perhaps even in the social aspect of the psychology in a general view. (Brambilla et.al, 2014). It is a believer in place that is critical than an establishment of its truth. The value will have a provision of replications which are both having an attempt to release what the researches have is insufficient data to be able to make an establishment entirely to it. Methods Participants As a way to seek answers, eighty-four members in overall density 40 were female, and 44 are male. (Lee et.al, 2015). They together to complete the study and are a convenient sample as the friends and family are in the first year the mean age which is also a determinant to this is found to be a sample of 32.37 years, it is at a random number of SD= 15.63. Materials An online questionnaire has an inclusion into the study to help acquire the firsthand information for the data. The questionnaire has an insertion of a demographic data of the participants. Consideration is in gender and age of the participants taking the first part of the study as part A. the other aspect is the aspect of personality traits in the questionnaire. (Celli et.al, 2014). The general assessment of the study has to assess the participants in different categories, and the perception of an on point Likert scale is to make. The overall purpose is to have the information to anchor in which is a decision-making tool. A sample paper which is in use for the study is as in presentation bellow. Procedure Participants action The establishment of and provision of materials, participants had to click on to the online questionnaire which is in provision during the study. (Molden, 2014). It is in provision through a cloud Deakin. Thus they are in the presentation of a landing page where they have a general verdict of being able to have a consent to be in the participation. On the other side after allowing the participation, a different methodology is in employment where the participants form groups. In general, there are two groups, and all have an experimental conditions, from the instructor. A procedure which is an instruction is as in explanation bellow. The first instructions is strictly follow-up the administration of points in demographic information in actual data sheet in record as Part A in the questionnaire. When the participants got to know what they are to undertake, they have to hold a hot cup or cold cup of coffee, this is the act of completion of the second part of the questionnaire as Part B of the general questionnaire. (Lee et.al, 2015). The second part which is now Part B of the questionnaire is having an involvement in a reading session which is short description of person A before an embankment into the rating process of their personality traits which are eight in number. Results and discussion In the parallel 2 that is (character set: warm vs the cold) X 2 (psychological distance is sought to be a way out. It is also multiplied by 4(character judged: sociability vs generosity vs likability vs agreeableness). (Ratner et.al, 2014). The final action is in which an aggregate conception is to come out apparently as a last variable comes out to be in gauge in a design which is within the subjects in conduction during the experiment. The data in collection has a maximum level of approximation which has an aim to increase the compatibility among most areas in different traits. It is as in a prior analysis in which the ratings in each of the trait is to be in an observational standard, from the four studies of character enhancement. All the analysis have a yield of significant main effect which is the aspect of warm-cold rate manipulation. The study comes out clearly as a primary key response as study 1a F (1.92) =88.14, differently p0.05, and n2=0.47: the study is clearly stating that in the next study 1b F (1.98) =41.33, whereas p2=28. (Brambilla et.al, 2014). The general conceptual results show that the replication of Asch's outcome as true thus persons who are in depiction are by a description of warm where they are generally at a rate of being more confident than a person's in the category of being cold. The outcome which might have a consideration as good is that both studies 1a and 1b have a great significant in the assessment of the traits. (Gogwin et.al, 2014). It comes out clearly that; feature set x psychological distance and interactions make a result of an emergence of study 1a F (3,276) = 6.29, p, 05. A general conformation of this is that the expectations are found to be of CLT theory which has a clearly random up stream of all cross four traits in judgment. The experience effect of the warm- cold manipulation habits of the experience was overly in exemplification into a fantastic condition in a distant act. Summary of Means and Standard Deviations for Scores on Warmth-related Traits for Hot Drink and Cold Drink Conditions. Hot drink Cold drink Warmth-related traits M SD M SD Generosity 5.08 1.27 4.10 1.63 Sociability 5.18 1.30 4.41 1.50 Happiness 5.52 1.08 4.82 1.21 Popularity 5.20 1.45 4.59 1.07 Summary: Means and Standard Deviations for Scores on Non-Warmth-related Traits for Hot Drink and Cold Drink Conditions Hot drink Cold drink Non-Warmth-related traits M SD M SD Persistence 5.75 1.19 6.00 0.95 Importance 5.20 1.32 4.92 1.52 Seriousness 5.30 1.34 5.51 1.14 Reliability 6.02 1.19 6.18 0.89 Discussion Research results are to obtain here are that a portrayal of a suggestion that the mental process that is a fundamental conceptual attribution in the city clarification of all the needs to see the process that is in use to be possible. (Ratner et.al, 2014). In so making an impression is in a formation of a class in a different change which has a significant contribution of the manipulation of the general characteristics of the major portfolios. A contractual level of the situations must be having an impact. The theoretical standard of an additional psychological distance which adds an effect to the target of the list. (Human et.al, 2014). A suggestion made here after is that the distant targets are typically taken to be more holistically that the latter who are psychological targets at close range. The two studies have a description of having a paradigm which suggests that the idea incorporation is a clear indication of it being in place. Finding out that the judgements about the general targets is that they will have a psychologically distant more than the defection inclusion. Our results seem to in at an inclination on the paradoxical attribution of examples at first research. Some may be in position to wonder why psychological nearness indeed turns to be very effective. Such assumptions do not trigger attempts to understand what should be in enlightenment in return for the actual cause. Conclusion In conclusion, however findings have it that suggestions which are anticipating in the rise of more conceptual issues will lead to an increase in the actualization. Another intriguing are of research can be the area of acceptance where CLT could have an application of domain metaphors and an actual embodiment of cognitions. In a matter of fact it clear that the terms of use that is warm and cold are an real and may at some point be having an impression of formation which is because of the fundamental relationship of the actual meaning of the words. (Godwin, 2015). The other aspect is that coldness is or can be associated with being inactive. Such speculations have a result of coming out clearly not believing that the general modes of approach will be an accumulation of facts. The utility f this type of frame work will be on the verge of opening ways to see continuity in the old paradigms, and a lead through new theories which will be an acknowledgement and a consideration in the frui tful research. However as a way of getting rid of all the aspects which will bring non-cognitive or an understanding of how psychology works may affect the cognitive representation. References Asch, S. E. (1946). Forming impressions of personality.The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,41(3), 258. Nauts, S., Langner, O., Huijsmans, I., Vonk, R., Wigboldus, D. H. (2014). Forming impressions of personality.Social Psychology. Brambilla, M., Leach, C. W. (2014). On the importance of being moral: The distinctive role of morality in social judgment.Social Cognition,32(4), 397. Goodwin, G. P. (2015). Moral character in person perception.Current Directions in Psychological Science,24(1), 38-44. Human, L. J., Biesanz, J. C., Finseth, S. M., Pierce, B., Le, M. (2014). To thine own self- be right: Psychological adjustment promotes judge ability via personalitybehavior congruence.Journal of personality and social psychology,106(2), 286. Gawronski, B., De Houwer, J. (2014). Implicit measures in social and personality psychology.Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology,2. Ratner, K. G., Deutsch, R., Wigboldus, D. H., van Knippenberg, A., Amodio, D. Visualizing minimal ingroup and outgroup faces implications for impressions, attitudes, andbehavior.Journal of personality and social psychology,106(6), 897. Anderson, N. H. (2014). A functional approach to person cognition.Advances in social cognition,1, 37-51. Chen, F. F., Jing, Y., Lee, J. M. (2014). The looks of a leader: Competent and trustworthy, but not dominant.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,51, 27-33. Abelson, R. P., Frey, K. P., Gregg, A. P. (2014).Experiments with people: Revelations from social psychology. Psychology Press. Nilsson, A. (2014). Personality psychology as the integrative study of traits and worldviews.New Ideas in Psychology,32, 18-32. Molden, D. C. (2014). Understanding priming effects in social psychology: What is social priming and how does it occur?.Understanding Priming Effects in Social Psychology, 3. Jackson, A., Greene, R. L. (2014). Impression formation of tests: retrospective judgments of performance are higher when easier questions come first.Memory Cognition,42(8),1325-1332. Crisp, R. J., Turner, R. N. (2014).Essential social psychology. Sage. Eftekhar, A., Fullwood, C., Morris, N. (2014). Capturing personality from Facebook photos and photo-related activities: How much exposure do you need?.Computers in Human Behavior,37, 162-170. Lynott, D., Corker, K. S., Wortman, J., Connell, L., Donnellan, M. B., Lucas, R. E., OBrien, K. (2014). Replication of Experiencing physical warmth promotes Interpersonal warmth by Williams and Bargh (2008).Social Psychology. Celli, F., Bruni, E., Lepri, B. (2014, November). Automatic personality and interaction style recognition from Facebook profile pictures. InProceedings of the 22nd ACM international conference on Multimedia(pp. 1101-1104). ACM. Lee, V. K., Harris, L. T. (2015). How social cognition can inform social decision making.Neural basis of social learning, social deciding, and other-regarding preferences, 107.

Measurement B enchmarks and S cales used for H ypo Essays - Safety

Measurement B enchmarks and S cales used for H ypothesis T esting The possible measurement benchmark and scales used for workplace safety would be the pencil-paper, internet way of collection data. This research subject uses a survey method to collect data by pencil or paper or internet to see if measurement equivalences exist. The survey will include question s that all companies could use the data to form workplace safety training programs . The data that is collected will show that merging data obtained by the internet and paper-and-pencil is a legitimate way of collection of data. This measurement benchmark and scale would provide useful to organizations that are using surveys to collect data to help with future plans of the company. Surveys are a good way to collect data from the employees about what they actually know about workplace safety. The data that is gathered from the measurement benchmarks and scales will provide enough information to make a training program for workplace safety. In turn the information will continue to provide future improvements for the program. sampling Plans Observation I will be using observation because it is a useful tool to gather information on workplace safety. It is a way for me to " check for nonverbal expression of feelings, determine who interacts with whom, grasp how participants communicate with each other, and check for how much time is spent on various activities " (SCHMUCK, 1997). I will also observe how well the employees know the safety rules and regulations, and if they know how to work safely. Observation will give me an understanding on the lack of knowledge on workplace, and it is the right way to collect data for my study. Observation will also help in coming up with research questions. Focus Groups I think I will also use focus groups as a way to gather more information that can also be used in my research on workplace safety. Having a group leader conduct the meeting to collect data on subject at hand can also help by answering research question with data gathered. This method is also helpful to gather data when observation becomes difficult. This method can also gather large amounts of data in a short time. An advantage to using focus groups is that the researcher will get the data they need because it targets my direct subject of workplace safety. Interviews I also plan to use interviews because they can provide me with a deeper understanding of how well individuals know about workplace safety. Interviews are an appropriate way for me to gather data on my research. The interview will be one-on-one with each employee, and if employee is not at work the interview can be conducted by phone. Surveys I plan to use paper surveys to gather data that is not available from other sources. Using survey data compliments current data from secondary sources. Surveys that I use will also be anonymous so that employees will feel free to be more honest. The information needed to make the workplace program is truly based on honest answers so yes I will be using surveys to gather data needed for this research. Not only will surveys help gathering data to help develop a workplace safety program, but it will help in continuing to improve that program. Questions The question s I will ask in the interview, survey, and focus groups are as follows: Do you know what the hazards are in your job? Do you have all the information about what hazard types included with your job? Are their safety meeting held on a regular basis? Have you been trained for emergency procedures? If there is safety equipment have you been trained to use it? Do you know where fire extinguishers are and are you trained to use them? Do you know where the first aid stations are? Have you been trained to use emergency equipment? If you do get injured do you know where to go and what to do? Do you have any idea what your health and safety responsibilities as an employee is? Plans for Analyzing Data To make sure I get the information wanted from the questions asked ; I will need

Managers, Operations and Management

Managers, Operations and Management Free Online Research Papers Managers have many functions in an organization. Traditionally, the term management refers to the set of activities, and often the group of people, involved in four general functions, including planning, organizing, leading and coordinating activities. Organizations often have 3 levels of managers. First-line managers are responsible for day-to-day operation. They also supervise the people performing the activities required to make the good or service. Middle managers supervise first-line managers. They are also responsible to find the best way to use departmental resources to achieve goals. Top managers are responsible for the performance of all departments and have cross-departmental responsibility. They establish organizational goals and monitor middle managers (jpkc). There are four functions for managers to use to assist and ease in making decisions on goals and projects. Those functions are: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. All four functional areas are important and require attention for an organization to succeed. In regards to managing there is numerous projects that need focus and attention. Planning functional area of management is the first essential phase of the overall management process. What comes out of planning provides a need for the other functional areas of management: organizing, leading and controlling. Planning Planning is the process used by managers to identify and select appropriate goals and courses of action for an organization. Three good steps to planning are: Which goals should be pursued? How should the goal be attained? How should the resources be allocated? This function is used to determine how effective and productive the organization is and used in the strategy process of the organization. Planning, including identifying goals, objectives, methods, resources needed to carry out methods, responsibilities and dates for completion of tasks. Examples of planning are strategic planning, business planning, project planning, staffing planning, advertising and promotions planning, etc (jpkc). Planning can be described as â€Å"specifying the goals to be achieved and deciding in advance the appropriate actions needed to achieve those goals† (Bateman Snell, 2004, p. 15). Organizing Organizing is the management function of assembling and coordinating human, financial, physical, informational, and other resources needed to achieve goals. Managers will group people into departments according to the tasks performed. They will also decide the lines of authority and responsibility for members. An organizational structure is the outcome of organizing. This structure coordinates and motivates employees so that they work together to achieve goals. In their work (â€Å"Management: The New Competitive Landscape,† 2004), authors Bateman and Snell define the organizing function of management as â€Å"assembling and Coordinating the human, financial, physical, informational, and other resources needed to achieve goals† (p. 15). Organizing resources to achieve the goals in an optimum fashion. Examples are organizing new departments, human resources, office and file systems, re-organizing businesses, and billing departments. Leading Leading is the management function that involves the manager’s efforts to stimulate high performance by employees. In leading, managers decide the direction to take; state a clear vision for employees to follow, and help employees understand the role they play in attaining goals. Leadership involves a manager using power in an assertive way, influence, vision, persuasion, and communication skills. The outcome of the leading function is a high level of motivation and commitment from employees to the organization. Leadership is a management functional area that can come into play early during planning, especially when it is evident that an idea needs to be communicated, gain support for a concept, or just simply communicate the nature of a project. Leading, including setting direction for the organization, groups and individuals and also influencing people to follow that direction. Examples are establishing strategic direction, vision, values, mission and goals, and championing methods of organizational performance management to pursue that direction (jpkc). Control Managers who control are able to evaluate how well the organization is achieving its goals and takes corrective action to improve performance. They will monitor individuals, departments, and the organization to determine if desired performance has been reached. Managers will also take action to increase performance as required. The outcome of the controlling function is the accurate measurement of performance and regulation of efficiency and effectiveness. Control provides feedback by which daily activities can be directed toward achieving goals and objectives. As a manager, you receive feedback and able to make adjustments to improve productivity, identify and take corrective action, and take control when opportunities exist for growth. The manager controls the organization’s processes and structures to effectively and efficiently reaches goals and objectives. This includes ongoing collection of feedback, and monitoring and adjustment of systems, processes and structures acco rdingly. The management functional area of controlling consists of processes, procedures and indicators by which one can measure the degree of success or failure associated with an enterprise. Examples include use of financial controls, policies and procedures, performance management processes, measures to avoid risks etc. Another common view is that management is getting things done through others. Yet another view, quite apart from the traditional view, asserts that the job of management is to support employees efforts to be fully productive members of the organizations and citizens of the community. Conclusion As we enter into the new generation of management, there are new functions of management; they help to define the new reality of the workplace and the new partnership of managers and employees working together to meet common goals. They are: energize, empower, support, and communicate. Managers make things happen. They create energy instead of taking from the department and from the organization; they channel and amplify it back to the organization. Successful managers create compelling visions for their employees to strive for, and then they get out of the way. They delegate responsibility and the authority necessary to get a job done. To achieve their goals, managers depend on the skills that their employees offer them and their organizations. Increasingly, managers are becoming coaches, colleagues, and cheerleaders for the employees they support rather than prison wardens or executioners. The best managers allow their employees to make mistakes or to disagree with the status quo with no fear of retribution. Information is power and information must be communicated throughout an organization quickly and efficiently. To most employees, the term management probably means the group of people (executives and other managers) who are primarily responsible for making decisions in the organization. In a nonprofit, the term management might refer to all or any of the activities of the board, executive director and/or program directors. Whatever the term, managers use the four functions to the best of their ability to accomplish many goals. It is up to each manager to also incorporate the new functions of management to energize and empower employees, to support them and communicate all necessary information within that organization. Work Cited Bateman, T.S., Snell, S.A. (2004). Management: The new competitive landscape. (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Jpkc. (2005). What is management? Retrieved November 23, 2005 from http://jpkc.szpt.edu.cn/english/supplement/Unit1/management%20functions.htm. Nelson, Bob. (2005). The new functions of management. Retrieved November 23, 2005 from bizjournals.com/bizwomen/consultants/return_on_people/2000/04/24/column 76.html. 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History of Modern France Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

History of Modern France - Essay Example The National Guardsmen who had mutinied and helped in the proper reorganization of the city in a manner that appreciates the interests of the workers. The origins of the Paris Commune started on March 18, 1871, after France had been defeated by Prussia in a war and the French government deployed troops into the city of Paris to take back the Parisian National Guard (PNG) before the revolting workers got hold of it. However, the citizens had hold of it and were not willing to surrender it up after which the soldiers refused to use the cannon to fire on its own citizens but instead turned it against their officers. Popkin (2013) states that after the occurrence of this act, the PNG conducted free elections whereby Parisians elected a council whose composition was the Jacobins and Republicans as well as a few socialists and anarchists which declared Paris an independent commune. The commune consisted of members who could be recalled by the voters at any time, paid average wages and was equal in terms of status to other members who were within the same commune. The Paris Commune of 1871 introduced such reforms such as turning places of work into co-operatives, which was mainly making the anarchist theory practical, which culminated, into forty-three workplaces becoming co-operatives by May of 1871. For instance, the Louvre Museum became a factory run and managed by a large worker’s council and the belief by the Mechanics Union and the Association of Metal Workers that they could only be emancipated if they formed a worker’s association (Popkin, 2013). The reform envisaged also believed that the need to abolish the exploitation of men by fellow men was through the organization of labor in associations and capital that could not be separated from the organizations. Through this, the Paris Commune would achieve equality for all the individuals concerned in the nation.